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- Title
Nucleic acid vaccines‐based therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer: A new paradigm in tumor immunotherapy arena.
- Authors
Saleh, Raed Obaid; Ibrahim, Fatma M.; Pallathadka, Harikumar; Kaur, Irwanjot; Ahmad, Irfan; Ali, Saad Hayif Jasim; Redhee, Ahmed Huseen; Ghildiyal, Pallavi; Jawad, Mohammed Abed; Alsaadi, Salim B.
- Abstract
Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) have the potential to be economical, safe, and efficacious. Furthermore, just the chosen antigen in the pathogen is the target of the immune responses brought on by NAVs. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment shows great promise for nucleic acid‐based vaccines, such as DNA (as plasmids) and RNA (as messenger RNA [mRNA]). Moreover, cancer vaccines offer a compelling approach that can elicit targeted and long‐lasting immune responses against tumor antigens. Bacterial plasmids that encode antigens and immunostimulatory molecules serve as the foundation for DNA vaccines. In the 1990s, plasmid DNA encoding the influenza A nucleoprotein triggered a protective and targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, marking the first instance of DNA vaccine‐mediated immunity. Similarly, in vitro transcribed mRNA was first successfully used in animals in 1990. At that point, mice were given an injection of the gene encoding the mRNA sequence, and the researchers saw the production of a protein. We begin this review by summarizing our existing knowledge of NAVs. Next, we addressed NAV delivery, emphasizing the need to increase efficacy in TNBC. Significance statement: Nucleic acid vaccines (NAVs) have the potential to be economical, safe, and efficacious. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment shows great promise for nucleic acid‐based vaccines, such as DNA (as plasmids) and RNA (as messenger RNA [mRNA]). Tumor‐derived antigens, or TAs, are the target for tumor vaccines, which aim to elicit an immune response. In the 1990s, plasmid DNA encoding the influenza A nucleoprotein triggered a protective and targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. DNA vaccines have a drawback of having relatively poor immunogenicity profiles, which hinders their desired clinical applicability.
- Subjects
NUCLEIC acids; TRIPLE-negative breast cancer; CYTOTOXIC T cells; TUMOR antigens; DNA vaccines
- Publication
Cell Biochemistry & Function, 2024, Vol 42, Issue 3, p1
- ISSN
0263-6484
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/cbf.3992