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- Title
Supermarket and fast-food outlet exposure in Copenhagen: associations with socio-economic and demographic characteristics.
- Authors
Svastisalee CM; Nordahl H; Glümer C; Holstein BE; Powell LM; Due P; Svastisalee, Chalida M; Nordahl, Helene; Glümer, Charlotte; Holstein, Bjørn E; Powell, Lisa M; Due, Pernille
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>To investigate whether exposure to fast-food outlets and supermarkets is socio-economically patterned in the city of Copenhagen.<bold>Design: </bold>The study was based on a cross-sectional multivariate approach to examine the association between the number of fast-food outlets and supermarkets and neighbourhood-level socio-economic indicators. Food business addresses were obtained from commercial and public business locators and geocoded using a geographic information system for all neighbourhoods in the city of Copenhagen (n 400). The regression of counts of fast-food outlets and supermarkets v. indicators of socio-economic status (percentage of recent immigrants, percentage without a high-school diploma, percentage of the population under 35 years of age and average household income in Euros) was performed using negative binomial analysis.<bold>Setting: </bold>Copenhagen, Denmark.<bold>Subjects: </bold>The unit of analysis was neighbourhood (n 400).<bold>Results: </bold>In the fully adjusted models, income was not a significant predictor for supermarket exposure. However, neighbourhoods with low and mid-low income were associated with significantly fewer fast-food outlets. Using backwise deletion from the fully adjusted models, low income remained significantly associated with fast-food outlet exposure (rate ratio = 0·66-0·80) in the final model.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>In the city of Copenhagen, there was no evidence of spatial patterning of supermarkets by income. However, we detected a trend in the exposure to fast-food outlets, such that neighbourhoods in the lowest income quartile had fewer fast-food outlets than higher-income neighbourhoods. These findings have similarities with studies conducted in the UK, but not in the USA. The results suggest there may be socio-economic factors other than income associated with food exposure in Europe.
- Publication
Public Health Nutrition, 2011, Vol 14, Issue 9, p1618
- ISSN
1368-9800
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1017/S1368980011000759