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- Title
An Integrated Analysis of Metabolome, Transcriptome, and Physiology Revealed the Molecular and Physiological Response of Citrus sinensis Roots to Prolonged Nitrogen Deficiency.
- Authors
Lai, Yin-Hua; Peng, Ming-Yi; Rao, Rong-Yu; Chen, Wen-Shu; Huang, Wei-Tao; Ye, Xin; Yang, Lin-Tong; Chen, Li-Song
- Abstract
Citrus sinensis seedlings were supplied with a nutrient solution containing 15 (control) or 0 (nitrogen (N) deficiency) mM N for 10 weeks. Extensive metabolic and gene reprogramming occurred in 0 mM N-treated roots (RN0) to cope with N deficiency, including: (a) enhancing the ability to keep phosphate homeostasis by elevating the abundances of metabolites containing phosphorus and the compartmentation of phosphate in plastids, and/or downregulating low-phosphate-inducible genes; (b) improving the ability to keep N homeostasis by lowering the levels of metabolites containing N but not phosphorus, upregulating N compound degradation, the root/shoot ratio, and the expression of genes involved in N uptake, and resulting in transitions from N-rich alkaloids to carbon (C)-rich phenylpropanoids and phenolic compounds (excluding indole alkaloids) and from N-rich amino acids to C-rich carbohydrates and organic acids; (c) upregulating the ability to maintain energy homeostasis by increasing energy production (tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP biosynthetic process) and decreasing energy utilization for amino acid and protein biosynthesis and new root building; (d) elevating the transmembrane transport of metabolites, thus enhancing the remobilization and recycling of useful compounds; and (e) activating protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. RN0 had a higher ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species and aldehydes, thus protecting RN0 against oxidative injury and delaying root senescence.
- Subjects
ORANGES; NITROGEN deficiency; GLYCOLYSIS; PHYSIOLOGY; KREBS cycle; ORGANIC acids; ADENOSINE triphosphate; PHOSPHATES
- Publication
Plants (2223-7747), 2023, Vol 12, Issue 14, p2680
- ISSN
2223-7747
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/plants12142680