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- Title
Pulse Consumption and Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review.
- Authors
Zhao, Naisi; Jiao, Keyi; Chiu, Yu-Hsiang; Wallace, Taylor C.
- Abstract
Pulses—comprising the dry, edible seeds of leguminous plants—have long been lauded for their culinary flexibility and substantial nutritional advantages. This scoping review aimed to map the evidence on how pulses contribute to overall human health. Four electronic databases were searched for clinical and observational studies in English. We identified 30 articles (3 cross-sectional studies, 1 federated meta-analysis, 8 prospective cohort studies, 1 before-and-after study, and 17 randomized controlled trials) that met our inclusion criteria. Predominant among the pulses studied were lentils, chickpeas, common bean varieties (e.g., pinto, black, navy, red, kidney), black-eyed peas, cowpeas, and split peas. Consumption modalities varied; most studies examined mixed pulses, while five isolated individual types. In intervention studies, pulses were incorporated into diets by allotting a fixed pulse serving on top of a regular diet or by substituting red meat with pulses, offering a comparative analysis of dietary effects. The health outcomes evaluated were multifaceted, ranging from lipid profiles to blood pressure, cardiovascular disease risk and mortality, type 2 diabetes and glycemic control, metabolic syndrome indicators, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, and hormonal profiles. The most frequently assessed study outcomes included changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, waist circumference, and C-reactive protein or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. This review should serve as a call to action for the scientific community to build upon the existing evidence, enriching our understanding of the nutritional and health-promoting attributes of pulses.
- Subjects
MORTALITY prevention; INFLAMMATION prevention; BLOOD sugar analysis; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; HDL cholesterol; NATURAL foods; FOOD consumption; HEALTH status indicators; RESEARCH funding; HORMONES; GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin; LIPIDS; GLYCEMIC control; SOYBEAN; CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; OXIDATIVE stress; LDL cholesterol; SYSTEMATIC reviews; MEDLINE; WAIST circumference; LITERATURE reviews; MEDICAL databases; TYPE 2 diabetes; METABOLIC syndrome; DIASTOLIC blood pressure; ONLINE information services; SYSTOLIC blood pressure; LEGUMES; DIET; BLOOD pressure measurement; BIOMARKERS; FASTING; C-reactive protein
- Publication
Nutrients, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 10, p1435
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu16101435