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- Title
Ionic Immobilization of Silicotungstic Acid on Amine-Functionalized Zirconia: A Mesoporous Catalyst for Esterification of Maleic Acid.
- Authors
Ramalingam, Meenakshi; Manickam, Sundar; Srinivasalu, Kutti Rani; Ismail, Mohammed Bilal; Deivanayagam, Easwaramoorthy
- Abstract
Silicotungstic acid (H4SiW12O40) has been immobilized onto the mesopores of amine-functionalized zirconia by exploitation of electrostatic interactions. The ionic grafting of silicotungstic acid was confirmed by XPS, FTIR, UV/Vis-DRS and TGA analysis. The mesoporosity of the material was confirmed through N2 adsorption/desorption analysis. The morphology of the material was established by TEM analysis. The immobilized silicotungstate material was found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for selective esterification of maleic acid with butan-1-ol. A 98 % level of conversion of maleic acid and 82 % selectivity for dibutyl maleate within 5 h at 95 °C was achieved. The catalyst could be reused thrice without loss of activity.
- Subjects
ENCAPSULATION (Catalysis); ORGANOSILICON compounds; ZIRCONIUM catalysts; TUNGSTIC acid; ESTERIFICATION; AMINES; MALEIC acid; CHARGE-charge interactions
- Publication
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2016, Vol 2016, Issue 11, p1697
- ISSN
1434-1948
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ejic.201501422