We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Plasma metabolome predicts trained immunity responses after antituberculosis BCG vaccination.
- Authors
Koeken, Valerie A. C. M.; Qi, Cancan; Mourits, Vera P.; de Bree, L. Charlotte J.; Moorlag, Simone J. C. F. M.; Sonawane, Vidhisha; Lemmers, Heidi; Dijkstra, Helga; Joosten, Leo A. B.; van Laarhoven, Arjan; Xu, Cheng-Jian; van Crevel, Reinout; Netea, Mihai G.; Li, Yang
- Abstract
The antituberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) induces nonspecific protection against heterologous infections, at least partly through induction of innate immune memory (trained immunity). The amplitude of the response to BCG is variable, but the factors that influence this response are poorly understood. Metabolites, either released by cells or absorbed from the gut, are known to influence immune responses, but whether they impact BCG responses is not known. We vaccinated 325 healthy individuals with BCG, and collected blood before, 2 weeks and 3 months after vaccination, to assess the influence of circulating metabolites on the immune responses induced by BCG. Circulating metabolite concentrations after BCG vaccination were found to have a more pronounced impact on trained immunity responses, such as the increase in IL-1β and TNF-α production upon Staphylococcus aureus stimulation, than on specific adaptive immune memory, assessed as IFN-γ production in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Circulating metabolites at baseline were able to predict trained immunity responses at 3 months after vaccination and enrichment analysis based on the metabolites positively associated with trained immunity revealed enrichment of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glutamine metabolism, both of which were previously found to be important for trained immunity. Several new metabolic pathways that influence trained immunity were identified, among which taurine metabolism associated with BCG-induced trained immunity, a finding validated in functional experiments. In conclusion, circulating metabolites are important factors influencing BCG-induced trained immunity in humans. Modulation of metabolic pathways may be a novel strategy to improve vaccine and trained immunity responses. The response to the BCG vaccine, which provides protection against tuberculosis as well as unrelated pathogens, is variable. This study shows that the baseline plasma metabolome is able to partially predict trained immunity upon BCG vaccination, identifying the metabolome as a potential source of this heterogeneity.
- Subjects
BCG vaccines; IMMUNOLOGIC memory; IMMUNITY; MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis; TRICARBOXYLIC acids; VACCINE effectiveness; MYCOBACTERIUM bovis
- Publication
PLoS Biology, 2022, Vol 20, Issue 9, p1
- ISSN
1544-9173
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001765