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- Title
Experimental model for removal of snake venom via hemoperfusion in rats.
- Authors
Oliveira, Maximilian Estevan; Campanholi, Jéssica; Cavalcante, Roberta Lima; Moreno, Felipe Silveira; Yoshida, Edson Hideaki; Dini, Murilo Melo Juste; Aranha, Élvio Franco de Camargo; Cogo, José Carlos; Dias, Lourdes; Hyslop, Stephen; Grotto, Denise; Hanai‐Yoshida, Valquíria Miwa; Oshima‐Franco, Yoko
- Abstract
Objective: To examine the efficiency of hemoperfusion in removing South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) venom from rats compared with neutralization by antivenom. Design: An exploratory experimental investigation in rats involving the injection of snake venom with or without subsequent hemoperfusion or antivenom administration. Setting: Basic animal research laboratory in a private university. Animals: Normal, healthy male Wistar rats (0.29‐0.40 kg, 3‐6 months old) from a commercial breeder. Interventions: Four experimental groups of randomly allocated rats (n = 3/group) were studied: Group 1: rats were injected with a single dose of venom (5 mg/kg, IM, in the right thigh) with no other treatment; blood samples were collected minutes before death to determine leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts; Group 2 (Control): rats underwent hemoperfusion alone for 60 min using a hemoperfusion cartridge designed for protein adsorption (by granulated charcoal) and protein precipitation (by tannic acid); Group 3 (Venom + antivenom): rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were treated with antivenom at the venom:antivenom ratio recommended by the manufacturer; Group 4 (Venom + hemoperfusion): Rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were hemoperfused for 60 min. In groups 2‐4, blood samples were collected for leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts 24 h after venom. Measurements and Main Results: Rats injected with venom alone (Group 1) developed signs of neurotoxicity and ataxia and died in 9.0 ± 0.43 h but showed no changes in leukocyte or erythrocyte counts. In contrast, there were no deaths in groups 2‐4. The lack of deaths in Groups 3 and 4 indicated that antivenom and hemoperfusion, respectively, protected against the lethal effects of the venom. Conclusions: Hemoperfusion with a double‐action hemoperfusion cartridge capable of protein adsorption and precipitation protected rats against C. d. terrificus venom.
- Subjects
VENOM; SNAKE venom; HEMOPERFUSION; ERYTHROCYTES; TANNINS; RATS; LEUKOCYTE count
- Publication
Journal of Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care, 2020, Vol 30, Issue 3, p286
- ISSN
1479-3261
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/vec.12949