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- Title
The endothelial cell in ischemic acute kidney injury: implications for acute and chronic function.
- Authors
Basile, D. P.
- Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that injury to the renal vasculature may play an important role in the pathogenesis of both early and chronic ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). Established and new data support the suggestion that vascular injury, in particular, endothelial cell injury, participates in the extent and maintenance of AKI by pathways that are related to vascular tone. Early alterations in peritubular capillary blood flow during reperfusion has been documented and associated with loss of normal endothelial cell function, which can be replaced pharmacologically or with cell replacement interventions. Distorted peritubular capillary morphology is associated with loss of barrier function that may contribute to early alterations in vascular stasis. In addition, ischemia induces alterations in endothelial cells that may promote inflammation and procoagulant activity, thus contributing to vascular congestion. Reductions in microvasculature density may play a critical part in the progression of chronic kidney disease following initial recovery from ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI. The exact nature of how capillary loss alters renal function and predisposes renal disease is thought to be due at least in part to hypoxia. Finally, the loss of endothelial cell function may represent an important therapeutic target in which nitric oxide, vascular trophic support, and/or endothelial progenitor cells may show potential importance in ameliorating the acute and/or chronic effects of ischemic AKI.Kidney International (2007) 72, 151–156. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002312; published online 2 May 2007
- Subjects
ISCHEMIA; BLOOD circulation disorders; KIDNEY diseases; HEMODYNAMICS; NITRIC oxide; BLOOD flow
- Publication
Kidney International, 2007, Vol 72, Issue 2, p151
- ISSN
0085-2538
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/sj.ki.5002312