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- Title
Neutralizing antibody against granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibits inflammatory response in experimental otitis media.
- Authors
Kariya, Shin; Okano, Mitsuhiro; Higaki, Takaya; Makihara, Seiichiro; Haruna, Takenori; Eguchi, Motoharu; Nishizaki, Kazunori
- Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor is important in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory disease. We hypothesized that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plays a pivotal role in middle ear inflammation and that neutralization of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor would inhibit neutrophil migration into the middle ear and production of inflammatory mediators. Study Design Animal experiment. Methods We used transtympanic administration of lipopolysaccharide, a major component of gram-negative bacteria, into mice to induce an experimental otitis media. Control mice received injection of phosphate-buffered saline into the middle ear cavity. Mice were systemically treated with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralizing antibody or control immunoglobulin G via intraperitoneal injection 2 hours before transtympanic injection of lipopolysaccharide or phosphate-buffered saline. Middle ear effusions were collected. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in middle ear effusions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic examination of the middle ear was also performed. Results Transtympanic injection of lipopolysaccharide upregulated levels of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-1β, TNF-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the middle ear. Concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were significantly decreased in mice injected with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralizing antibody. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the middle ear cavity induced by lipopolysaccharide was also significantly reduced by neutralization of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Conclusions Systemic injection of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralizing antibody inhibits the middle ear inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Our findings suggest that granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor may offer a novel therapeutic target for the management of intractable otitis media.
- Subjects
MACROPHAGE colony-stimulating factor; OTITIS media with effusion in children; INFLAMMATORY mediators; TUMOR necrosis factors; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; DIAGNOSIS
- Publication
Laryngoscope, 2013, Vol 123, Issue 6, p1514
- ISSN
0023-852X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/lary.23795