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- Title
Elite Premenarcheal Rhythmic Gymnasts Demonstrate Energy and Dietary Intake Deficiencies During Periods of Intense Training.
- Authors
Michopoulou, Eleni; Avloniti, Alexandra; Kambas, Antonios; Leontsini, Diamanda; Michalopoulou, Maria; Tournis, Symeon; Fatouros, Ioannis G.
- Abstract
This study determined dietary intake and energy balance of elite premenarcheal rhythmic gymnasts during their preseason training. Forty rhythmic gymnasts and 40 sedentary age-matched females (10-12 yrs) participated in the study. Anthropometric profile and skeletal ages were determined. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed to estimate daily energy intake, daily energy expenditure, and resting metabolic rate. Groups demonstrated comparable height, bone age, pubertal development, resting metabolic rate. Gymnasts had lower body mass, BMI, body fat than age-matched controls. Although groups demonstrated comparable daily energy intake, gymnasts exhibited a higher daily energy expenditure resulting in a daily energy deficit. Gymnasts also had higher carbohydrate intake but lower fat and calcium intake. Both groups were below the recommended dietary allowances for fiber, water, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin intake. Gymnasts may need to raise their daily energy intake to avoid the energy deficit during periods of intense training.
- Subjects
GREECE; HAND radiography; WRIST radiography; ADOLESCENCE; ANALYSIS of variance; ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY composition; CARDIOPULMONARY system; CHILDREN'S health; CHILD nutrition; COMPARATIVE studies; DIET; ENERGY metabolism in children; EXERCISE physiology; EXERCISE tests; GYMNASTICS; INGESTION; NUTRITIONAL assessment; PARENTS; SKINFOLD thickness; STATISTICS; WOMEN'S health; DATA analysis; TREADMILLS; PHYSICAL training &; conditioning; BODY mass index; ELITE athletes; OXYGEN consumption; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CHILDREN
- Publication
Pediatric Exercise Science, 2011, Vol 23, Issue 4, p560
- ISSN
0899-8493
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1123/pes.23.4.560