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- Title
Herbicide Concentrations in First-Order Streams after Routine Application for Competition Control in Establishing Pine Plantations.
- Authors
Scarbrough, S. Lynsey; Jackson, C. Rhett; Marchman, Samantha; Allen, Ginny; Louch, Jeff; Miwa, Masato
- Abstract
Herbicides are an important tool for managing competitive vegetation in pine silviculture, and forestry best management practices (BMPs) were designed partly to minimize the movement of overland flow and dissolved herbicides into adjacent streams. We measured herbicide concentrations in streams before and after application when all modern forestry BMPs were applied to silvicultural operations. Imazapyr, hexazinone, and sulfometuron methyl were applied operationally to pine plantations covering 45 and 54% of the watershed area of twofirst-order streams in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA. Herbicides in stream water were sampled and analyzed before and for several months after application. All three herbicides were detected during stormflows after application, but the highest observed concentration was 7.7 parts per billion (ppb), just a few ppb above the level of quantification. The highest concentrations occurred in the first or second stormflow event after application, and peak concentrations diminished rapidly in subsequent events. Quantifiable concentrations occurred as pulses lasting 1/2-1 day after the hydrograph peak. Herbicide concentrations were below or near the level of quantification for all baseflow samples. Our results suggest that transport of these operational silvicultural herbicides to streams is low with proper application and use of modern forestry BMPs, and these results are in concurrence with other recent studies of herbicide movement from modern forestry operations.
- Subjects
UNITED States; HERBICIDE toxicology research; HERBICIDE application -- Environmental aspects; FARM ownership; PLANTATION life; AGRICULTURE; BEST management practices (Pollution prevention); FORESTS &; forestry; FOREST management; FORESTS &; forestry &; the environment
- Publication
Forest Science, 2015, Vol 61, Issue 3, p604
- ISSN
0015-749X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5849/forsci.14-051