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- Title
Structural basis for PPARγ transactivation by endocrine-disrupting organotin compounds.
- Authors
Harada, Shusaku; Kawahara, Kazuki; Fukakusa, Shunsuke; Yoshida, Takuya; Ohkubo, Tadayasu; Hiromori, Youhei; Nakamura, Shota; Maruno, Takahiro; Noda, Masanori; Uchiyama, Susumu; Fukui, Kiichi; Kobayashi, Yuji; Nishikawa, Jun-ichi; Nagase, Hisamitsu; Nakanishi, Tsuyoshi
- Abstract
Organotin compounds such as triphenyltin (TPT) and tributyltin (TBT) act as endocrine disruptors through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway. We recently found that TPT is a particularly strong agonist of PPARγ. To elucidate the mechanism underlying organotin-dependent PPARγ activation, we here analyzed the interactions of PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) with TPT and TBT by using X-ray crystallography and mass spectroscopy in conjunction with cell-based activity assays. Crystal structures of PPARγ-LBD/TBT and PPARγ-LBD/TPT complexes were determined at 1.95 Å and 1.89 Å, respectively. Specific binding of organotins is achieved through non-covalent ionic interactions between the sulfur atom of Cys285 and the tin atom. Comparisons of the determined structures suggest that the strong activity of TPT arises through interactions with helix 12 of LBD primarily via π-π interactions. Our findings elucidate the structural basis of PPARγ activation by TPT.
- Subjects
PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors; ORGANOTIN compounds; LIGAND binding (Biochemistry); TRIBUTYLTIN; TRIPHENYLTIN compounds; ENDOCRINE disruptors
- Publication
Scientific Reports, 2015, p8520
- ISSN
2045-2322
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/srep08520