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- Title
A ubiquitous bone marrow reservoir of preexisting SARS-CoV-2-reactive memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes in unexposed individuals.
- Authors
Jinchan Li; Simon Reinke; Yu Shen; Schollmeyer, Lena; Yuk-Chien Liu; Zixu Wang; Hardt, Sebastian; Hipfl, Christian; Hoffmann, Ute; Frischbutter, Stefan; Hyun-Dong Chang; Alexander, Tobias; Perka, Carsten; Radbruch, Helena; Zhihai Qin; Radbruch, Andreas; Jun Dong
- Abstract
Circulating, blood-borne SARS-CoV-2-reactive memory T cells in persons so far unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 or the vaccines have been described in 20-100% of the adult population. They are credited with determining the efficacy of the immune response in COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate the presence of preexisting memory CD4+ T cells reacting to peptides of the spike, membrane, or nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in the bone marrow of all 17 persons investigated that had previously not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or one of the vaccines targeting it, with only 15 of these persons also having such cells detectable circulating in the blood. The preexisting SARS-CoV-2-reactive memory CD4+ T cells of the bone marrow are abundant and polyfunctional, with the phenotype of central memory T cells. They are tissue-resident, at least in those persons who do not have such cells in the blood, and about 30% of them express CD69. Bone marrow resident SARSCoV-2-reactive memory CD4+ memory T cells are also abundant in vaccinated persons analyzed 10-168 days after 1°-4° vaccination. Apart from securing the bone marrow, preexisting cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cells may play an important role in shaping the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the vaccines, and contribute essentially to the rapid establishment of longlasting immunity provided by memory plasma cells, already upon primary infection.
- Subjects
BONE marrow; T cells; IMMUNOLOGIC memory; COVID-19 vaccines; BONE marrow cells; PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
- Publication
Frontiers in Immunology, 2022, Vol 13, p1
- ISSN
1664-3224
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004656