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- Title
Formula Milk Supplementation and Bone Acquisition in 4–6 Years Chinese Children: A 12-Month Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Authors
Li, Bang-Yan; Mahe, Jin-Li; Hao, Jing-Yu; Ye, Wen-Hui; Bai, Xue-Fei; Feng, Hao-Tian; Szeto, Ignatius Man-Yau; Jing, Li-Peng; Zhao, Zi-Fu; Chen, Yu-Ming
- Abstract
Dairy foods are crucial for adequate calcium intake in young children, but scarce data are available on the effects of formula milk on bone acquisition. This cluster-randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of the supplementation of formula milk on bone health in rural children accustomed to a low-calcium diet between September 2021 and September 2022. We recruited 196 healthy children aged 4–6 years from two kindergartens in Huining County, Northwest China. A class-based randomization was used to assign them to receive 60 g of formula milk powder containing 720 mg calcium and 4.5 µg vitamin D or 20–30 g of bread per day for 12 months, respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the left forearm and calcaneus, bone biomarkers, bone-related hormones/growth factors, and body measures were determined at baseline, 6, and 12 months. A total of 174 children completed the trial and were included in the analysis. Compared with the control group, formula milk intervention showed significant extra increments in BMD (3.77% and 6.66%) and BMC (4.55% and 5.76%) at the left forearm at 6th and 12th months post-intervention (all p < 0.001), respectively. Similar trends were observed in BMD (2.83%) and BMC (2.38%) in the left calcaneus at 6 months (p < 0.05). The milk intervention (vs. control) also showed significant changes in the serum concentrations of osteocalcin level (−7.59%, p = 0.012), 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D (+5.54%, p = 0.001), parathyroid hormone concentration (−15.22%, p = 0.003), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (+8.36%, p = 0.014). The percentage increases in height were 0.34%, 0.45%, and 0.42% higher in the milk group than in the control group after 3-, 6-, and 9-month intervention, respectively (p < 0.05). In summary, formula milk supplementation enhances bone acquisition at the left forearm in young Chinese children.
- Subjects
CHINA; INFANT formulas; CLUSTER sampling; BIOMARKERS; CONNECTIVE tissue growth factor; RURAL conditions; OSTEOCALCIN; DIETARY supplements; TREATMENT effectiveness; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; COMPARATIVE studies; VITAMIN D; PARATHYROID hormone; RESEARCH funding; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; BONE density; DIETARY calcium; STATISTICAL sampling
- Publication
Nutrients, 2023, Vol 15, Issue 8, p2012
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu15082012