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- Title
Sexually Dimorphic Effects of a Western Diet on Brain Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Neurocognitive Function.
- Authors
Lord, Magen N.; Heo, Jun-Won; Schifino, Albino G.; Hoffman, Jessica R.; Donohue, Kristen N.; Call, Jarrod A.; Noble, Emily E.
- Abstract
A Western diet (WD), high in sugars and saturated fats, impairs learning and memory function and contributes to weight gain. Mitochondria in the brain provide energy for neurocognitive function and may play a role in body weight regulation. We sought to determine whether a WD alters behavior and metabolic outcomes in male and female rodents through impacting hippocampal and hypothalamic mitochondrial bioenergetics. Results revealed a sexually dimorphic macronutrient preference, where males on the WD consumed a greater percentage of calories from fat/protein and females consumed a greater percentage of calories from a sugar-sweetened beverage. Both males and females on a WD gained body fat and showed impaired glucose tolerance when compared to same-sex controls. Males on a WD demonstrated impaired hippocampal functioning and an elevated tendency toward a high membrane potential in hippocampal mitochondria. Comprehensive bioenergetics analysis of WD effects in the hypothalamus revealed a tissue-specific adaption, where males on the WD oxidized more fat, and females oxidized more fat and carbohydrates at peak energy demand compared to same-sex controls. These results suggest that adult male rats show a susceptibility toward hippocampal dysfunction on a WD, and that hypothalamic mitochondrial bioenergetics are altered by WD in a sex-specific manner.
- Subjects
OBESITY risk factors; BRAIN physiology; MITOCHONDRIAL physiology; HUMAN reproduction; ANIMAL behavior; WESTERN diet; ENERGY metabolism; BIOLOGICAL models; GLUCOSE intolerance; MEMORY; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; FAT content of food; BRAIN diseases; FUNCTIONAL status; ANIMAL experimentation; HUMAN sexuality; COGNITION; NUTRITIONAL requirements; INGESTION; CARBOHYDRATE content of food; METABOLISM; RATS; FOOD preferences; SEX distribution; WEIGHT gain; PHYSIOLOGICAL adaptation; METABOLIC disorders; LEARNING; SEX customs; DIETARY proteins; ADIPOSE tissues; OXIDATION-reduction reaction; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 12, p4222
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13124222