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- Title
Dairy-Derived Emulsifiers in Infant Formula Show Marginal Effects on the Plasma Lipid Profile and Brain Structure in Preterm Piglets Relative to Soy Lecithin.
- Authors
Henriksen, Nicole L.; Aasmul-Olsen, Karoline; Venkatasubramanian, Ramakrishnan; Nygaard, Mikkel K. E.; Sprenger, Richard R.; Heckmann, Anne B.; Ostenfeld, Marie S.; Ejsing, Christer S.; Eskildsen, Simon F.; Müllertz, Anette; Sangild, Per T.; Bering, Stine B.; Thymann, Thomas; Julvez, Jordi
- Abstract
Breastfed infants have higher intestinal lipid absorption and neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to formula-fed infants, which may relate to a different surface layer structure of fat globules in infant formula. This study investigated if dairy-derived emulsifiers increased lipid absorption and neurodevelopment relative to soy lecithin in newborn preterm piglets. Piglets received a formula diet containing soy lecithin (SL) or whey protein concentrate enriched in extracellular vesicles (WPC-A-EV) or phospholipids (WPC-PL) for 19 days. Both WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL emulsions, but not the intact diets, increased in vitro lipolysis compared to SL. The main differences of plasma lipidomics analysis were increased levels of some sphingolipids, and lipid molecules with odd-chain (17:1, 19:1, 19:3) as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains (16:1, 20:1, 20:3) in the WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL groups and increased 18:2 fatty acyls in the SL group. Indirect monitoring of intestinal triacylglycerol absorption showed no differences between groups. Diffusor tensor imaging measurements of mean diffusivity in the hippocampus were lower for WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL groups compared to SL indicating improved hippocampal maturation. No differences in hippocampal lipid composition or short-term memory were observed between groups. In conclusion, emulsification of fat globules in infant formula with dairy-derived emulsifiers altered the plasma lipid profile and hippocampal tissue diffusivity but had limited effects on other absorptive and learning abilities relative to SL in preterm piglets.
- Subjects
LIPID metabolism; BRAIN anatomy; HIPPOCAMPUS physiology; INFANT formulas; IN vitro studies; UNSATURATED fatty acids; TRIGLYCERIDES; BLOOD plasma; ANIMAL experimentation; METABOLOMICS; SURFACE active agents; SWINE; DIET; DAIRY products; NEURAL development; SOYFOODS; INTESTINAL absorption; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; SHORT-term memory; WHEY proteins; EXTRACELLULAR space; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; LIPIDS; LECITHIN; SPHINGOLIPIDS
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 3, p718
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13030718