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- Title
CALIBRATION OF A PASSIVE SAMPLING DEVICE FOR TIME-INTEGRATED SAMPLING OF HYDROPHILIC HERBICIDES IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS.
- Authors
Tran, Anh T. K.; Hyne, Ross V.; Doble, P.
- Abstract
Two types of solid-phase materials, a styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer sorbent (embedded in a SDB-XC Empore™ disk) and a styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer sorbent modified with sulfonic acid functional groups (embedded in a SDB-RPS Empore disk), were compared as a receiving phase in a passive sampling device for monitoring polar pesticides. The SDB-XC Empore disk was selected for further evaluation, overlayed with either a polysulfone or a polyethersulfone diffusion membrane. The target herbicides included five nonionized herbicides (simazine, atrazine, diuron, clomazone, and metolachlor) and four phenoxy acid herbicides (dicamba, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid [2,4-D], (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid [MCPA], and triclopyr) with log octanol/water partition coefficient (log KOW) values of less than three in water. Uptake of these herbicides generally was higher into a device constructed of a SDB-XC Empore disk as a receiving phase covered with a polyethersulfone membrane compared to a similar device covered with a polysulfone membrane. Using the device with a SDB-XC Empore disk covered with a polyethersulfone membrane, linear uptake of simazine, atrazine, diuron, clomazone, and metolachlor was observed for up to 21 d, and daily sampling rates of the herbicides from water in a laboratory flow-through system were determined. The uptake rate of each nonionized herbicide by the Empore disk-based passive sampler was linearly proportional to its concentration in the water, and the sampling rate was independent of the water concentrations over the 21-d period. Uptake of the phenoxy acid herbicides (2,4-D, MCPA, and triclopyr) obeyed first-order kinetics and rapidly reached equilibrium in the passive sampler after approximately 12 d of exposure. The Empore disk-based passive sampler displayed isotropic kinetics, with a release half-life for triclopyr of approximately 6 d.
- Subjects
PHYSICAL measurements; STANDARDIZATION; BIOCHEMISTRY technique; ANALYTICAL biochemistry; COPOLYMERS; ABSORPTION; SULFUR acids; SULFONYL chlorides; AGRICULTURAL chemicals; FATTY acids
- Publication
Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, 2007, Vol 26, Issue 3, p435
- ISSN
0730-7268
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1897/06-401R.1