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- Title
Virus-specific humoral immune response in Bulgarian COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity.
- Authors
Shikova, Evelina; Marteva-Proevska, Yuliya; Mondeshki, Tsanko; Bilyukov, Radoslav; Marinova, Daniela; Naumova, Elisaveta
- Abstract
Introduction: Our study aimed to analyze virus-specific humoral immune responses in COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity. Methodology: A total of 109 serum samples from 87 patients, symptomatic for COVID-19 were studied using anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays detecting different classes of immunoglobulins. Results: Clinical samples were divided into 2 groups - collected up to and more than 2 weeks post-onset of symptoms (PoS). In the first group, the highest percentage of positive samples was found for IgA class virus-specific antibodies (78.1%), followed by IgM (71.9%/59.4%) and IgG (56.3%/53.1%). In the second group, samples positive for virus-specific IgA class antibodies were also the most (97.7%) along with those positive for IgG. A total of 72 IgA and/or IgM and/or IgG positive samples were further tested for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) - 89.1% and 100% of samples obtained up to and after 2 weeks PoS, respectively were positive. Serological test results were also analyzed depending on the severity of the disease - SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in mild forms of COVID-19 were fewer than in moderate and severe forms but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and a high virus neutralization capacity of these antibodies appear early PoS; Immunoglobulins of IgA class are of most significant diagnostic value for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection; Timing of testing is the most important factor for positivity rate.
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19; HUMORAL immunity; VIRAL antibodies; IMMUNOGLOBULIN A
- Publication
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2023, Vol 17, Issue 12, p1674
- ISSN
2036-6590
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3855/jidc.18274