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- Title
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: Clinical profiles and outcomes of 45 patients.
- Authors
Sundaram, Soumya; Menon, Deepak; Khatri, Pooja; Sreedharan, Sapna; Jayadevan, E; Sarma, Prabhakaran; Pagnoux, Christian; Sylaja, P; Sreedharan, Sapna Erat; Jayadevan, E R; Sylaja, P N
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>To describe the clinical profile, treatment response and predictors of outcome in patients with primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) from a single tertiary care center.<bold>Methodology: </bold>Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients diagnosed with PACNS from January 2000 to December 2015. Outcome was defined as poor when the 6-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) was ≥3.<bold>Results: </bold>The median age of the 45 patients included in this study was 36 (range 19-70) years at disease onset and 31 (68.9%) were males. The initial presentation was ischemic stroke in 15 (33.3%), hemorrhagic stroke in 4 (8.9%), headache in 11 (24.4%), seizures in 8 (17.8%) and cognitive dysfunction in 5 (11.1%) patients. Diagnosis was confirmed by a four vessel cerebral digital subtraction angiogram (DSA), biopsy and by both biopsy and DSA in 26 (57.8%), 15 (33.3%) and 4 (8.9%) patients, respectively. All patients received glucocorticoids and 14 patients received in addition either cyclophosphamide or azathioprine as their first treatment. The median duration of follow-up was 33.1 (0.7-356) months. A poor 6-month outcome was observed in 12 (26.7%) patients. Relapse occurred in 25 (55.6%) patients and 7 (15.6%) died. Predictors of a poor outcome consisted of cognitive dysfunction at diagnosis (80% vs 20%; P = 0.014) and NIHSS ≥5 (62.5% vs 37.5%; P <.0005). None of the patients with a normal EEG had a poor outcome (P = 0.046). Predictors of relapse were a higher NIHSS at admission (P =.032) and a normal DSA (P = 0.002).<bold>Conclusion: </bold>In this cohort, severe deficits and cognitive symptoms at onset and an abnormal EEG were associated with a poor 6-month outcome.
- Subjects
STROKE; CENTRAL nervous system
- Publication
Neurology India, 2019, Vol 67, Issue 1, p105
- ISSN
0028-3886
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.4103/0028-3886.253578