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- Title
Evaluation of Status of Cadmium, Lead, and Nickel Levels in Biological Samples of Normal and Night Blindness Children of Age Groups 3-7 and 8-12 Years.
- Authors
Afridi, Hassan; Kazi, Tasneem; Kazi, Naveed; Sirajuddin; Kandhro, Ghulam; Baig, Jameel; Shah, Abdul; Wadhwa, Sham; Khan, Sumaira; Kolachi, Nida; Shah, Faheem; Jamali, Mohammad; Arain, Mohammad
- Abstract
The causes of night blindness in children are multifactorial, and particular consideration has been given to childhood trace metals toxicity, which is the most common problem found in underdeveloped countries. This study was designed to compare the levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in scalp hair, blood, and urine of night blindness children age ranged 3-7 and 8-12 years of both genders, comparing them to sex- and age-matched controls. A microwave-assisted wet acid digestion procedure was developed as a sample pretreatment, for the determination of Cd, Pb, and Ni in biological samples of night blindness children. The proposed method was validated by using conventional wet digestion and certified reference samples of hair, blood, and urine. The digests of all biological samples were analyzed for Cd, Pb, and Ni by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The results indicated significantly higher levels of Cd, Pb, and Ni in the biological samples (blood, scalp hair, and urine) of male and female night blindness children, compared with control subjects of both genders. These data present guidance to clinicians and other professional investigating toxicity of trace metals in biological samples of night blindness children.
- Subjects
BLINDNESS in children; VISION disorders in children; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of trace elements; METAL toxicology; CADMIUM poisoning; LEAD toxicology; NICKEL; ATOMIC absorption spectroscopy
- Publication
Biological Trace Element Research, 2011, Vol 142, Issue 3, p350
- ISSN
0163-4984
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s12011-010-8796-9