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- Title
3-OH Phloretin Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Induced Inflammation by Reducing Macrophage Infiltration into White Adipose Tissue.
- Authors
Woo, Su-Min; Nguyen, Ngoc Anh; Seon, Jeong-Eun; Jang, Jin; Yee, Su-Min; Cao, Ngoc Tan; Choi, Harim; Yun, Chul-Ho; Kang, Hyung-Sik
- Abstract
Phloretin and its glycoside phlorizin have been reported to prevent obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD), but the effect of 3-OH phloretin, a catechol metabolite of phloretin, has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of phloretin and 3-OH phloretin in HFD-fed mice. The body weight gain induced by HFD was more inhibited by administration of 3-OH phloretin than by phloretin. The increases in fat mass, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, adipocyte size, and lipid accumulation by HFD were also remarkably inhibited by 3-OH phloretin and, to a lesser extent, by phloretin. The HFD-induced upregulation of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines was suppressed by 3-OH phloretin, preventing M1 macrophages from infiltrating into WAT and thereby reducing WAT inflammation. 3-OH phloretin also showed a more potent effect than phloretin on suppressing the expression of adipogenesis regulator genes, such as PPARγ2, C/EBPα, FAS, and CD36. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels increased by HFD were diminished by the administration of 3-OH phloretin, suggesting that 3-OH phloretin may alleviate obesity-induced insulin resistance. These findings suggested that 3-OH phloretin has the potential to be a natural bioactive compound that can be used in the prevention or treatment of obesity and insulin resistance.
- Subjects
WHITE adipose tissue; PHLORETIN; ADIPOSE tissues; REGULATOR genes; GLYCOSIDES; PREVENTION of obesity; BROWN adipose tissue; MACROPHAGES
- Publication
Molecules, 2023, Vol 28, Issue 4, p1851
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules28041851