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- Title
Long-Term Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Clinical Trials and Real-World Data: A Systematic Review.
- Authors
Kurosawa, Megumi; Sekine, Masayuki; Yamaguchi, Manako; Kudo, Risa; Hanley, Sharon J. B.; Hara, Megumi; Adachi, Sosuke; Ueda, Yutaka; Miyagi, Etsuko; Ikeda, Sayaka; Yagi, Asami; Enomoto, Takayuki
- Abstract
The preventive effect of HPV vaccines against anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers has been proven in both clinical trials and real-world data. We reviewed the published evidence about the long-term efficacy and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in available papers of clinical trials and real-world data. As far as we searched, the longest period of preventive effect for the bivalent, 4-valent, and 9-valent vaccine were 11 years in the Costa Rica trial, 14 years in the FUTURE II, and 8 years in the LTFU extension study of V503-002 and the Scandinavian study, respectively. The sustained clinical effect during the observation period was longest for the 4-valent vaccine. In real-world data, the longest observation period of the vaccine effectiveness was 12 years in an Australian study for the 4-valent vaccine. On the other hand, the longest period of long-term persistence of HPV vaccine-induced seropositivity was 14 years in FUTURE II for the 4-valent vaccine. For the bivalent vaccine, additional long-term follow-up studies may not have been planned due to the launch of the 4-valent and 9-valent vaccines. In some studies of the 9-valent vaccine, the results have not yet been published because of the short observation period. The additional results are expected in the future. In a national immunization program, most girls and boys are inoculated with HPV vaccine by the time puberty begins; thus, it is important to monitor the vaccine effect at least until the sexually active period in their 20s and 30s.
- Subjects
COSTA Rica; HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines; CLINICAL trials; VACCINE effectiveness; OROPHARYNGEAL cancer
- Publication
Vaccines, 2022, Vol 10, Issue 2, p256
- ISSN
2076-393X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/vaccines10020256