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- Title
Effects of Co-Exposure of Nanoparticles and Metals on Different Organisms: A Review.
- Authors
Abd-Elhakim, Yasmina M.; Hashem, Mohamed M.; Abo-EL-Sooud, Khaled; Hassan, Bayan A.; Elbohi, Khlood M.; Al-Sagheer, Adham A.
- Abstract
Wide nanotechnology applications and the commercialization of consumer products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have increased the release of nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment. Titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, and silica NPs are widely implicated NPs in industrial, medicinal, and food products. Different types of pollutants usually co-exist in the environment. Heavy metals (HMs) are widely distributed pollutants that could potentially co-occur with NPs in the environment. Similar to what occurs with NPs, HMs accumulation in the environment results from anthropogenic activities, in addition to some natural sources. These pollutants remain in the environment for long periods and have an impact on several organisms through different routes of exposure in soil, water, and air. The impact on complex systems results from the interactions between NPs and HMs and the organisms. This review describes the outcomes of simultaneous exposure to the most commonly found ENMs and HMs, particularly on soil and aquatic organisms.
- Subjects
METAL nanoparticles; ALUMINUM oxide; HEAVY metals; SOIL biology; ZINC oxide; AIR pollutants
- Publication
Toxics, 2021, Vol 9, Issue 11, p284
- ISSN
2305-6304
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/toxics9110284