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- Title
In Utero Exposure to Maternal Hyperglycemia Increases Childhood Cardiometabolic Risk in Offspring.
- Authors
Wing Hung Tam; Wan Ma, Ronald Ching; Ozaki, Risa; Li, Albert Martin; Chan, Michael Ho Ming; Lai Yuk Yuen; Lao, Terence Tzu Hsi; Xilin Yang; Chung Shun Ho; Tutino, Gregory Emanuele; Chan, Juliana Chung Ngor; Tam, Wing Hung; Ma, Ronald Ching Wan; Yuen, Lai Yuk; Yang, Xilin; Ho, Chung Shun
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy on cardiometabolic risk in offspring during early childhood.<bold>Research Design and Methods: </bold>A total of 970 mothers who had joined the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study were reevaluated, together with their child born during the study period, 7 years after delivery.<bold>Results: </bold>Offspring born to mothers diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as defined by the World Health Organization 2013 GDM criteria, had higher rates of abnormal glucose tolerance (4.7% vs. 1.7%; P = 0.04), higher rates of overweight or obesity, greater BMI, higher blood pressure (BP), lower oral disposition index, and a trend toward reduced β-cell function compared with those born to mothers without GDM. For each SD increase in maternal fasting, 1-h, and 2-h glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) between 24 and 32 weeks of the index pregnancy, the risk of abnormal glucose tolerance in the offspring showed a corresponding increase (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.85-2.00). The associations were independent of BMI before pregnancy, childhood obesity, or being born large for gestational age. The area under the curve for glucose levels during the five-point OGTT increased to a similar extent in boys and girls with each SD increase in maternal 1-h and 2-h plasma glucose on OGTTs during pregnancy. All three maternal glucose levels were also associated with increased adjusted ORs for childhood overweight or obesity and adiposity among girls, but not boys.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy is independently associated with offsprings' risk of abnormal glucose tolerance, obesity, and higher BP at 7 years of age. Its effect on childhood adiposity was apparent only in girls, not boys.
- Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors; HYPERGLYCEMIA; GLUCOSE tolerance tests; OBESITY; CHILDREN'S health; BLOOD pressure; HYPERTENSION epidemiology; ADIPOSE tissues; BLOOD diseases; HUMAN body composition; GESTATIONAL diabetes; CHILDHOOD obesity; PREGNANCY complications; RESEARCH funding; GLUCOSE intolerance; PRENATAL exposure delayed effects; ODDS ratio; DISEASE complications
- Publication
Diabetes Care, 2017, Vol 40, Issue 5, p679
- ISSN
0149-5992
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.2337/dc16-2397