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- Title
Relations During Development of Kyoto and Carnegie Human Embryos.
- Authors
Brownrigg, D. C.; Diewert, V. M.
- Abstract
Objectives: As the face develops, the forebrain not only acts as a supportive structural framework but may also exert an influence from several potential signaling sites for facial morphogenesis such as ectodermal placodes. The purpose of this study was to produce 3D ribbon models and measurements to illustrate the dynamic spatial and morphologic relationships between potential signaling sites and features of the developing face in stage 16 to 18 Kyoto (Japanese) and Carnegie (Caucasian) embryos. Methods: Photographs of normal transverse serial sections of stage 16 to 18 Carnegie and Kyoto embryos were reconstructed into 3D ribbon models using WinSURF software. ImageJ software was then used to take linear measurements of important areas of change and their relationships. Potential signaling sites in facial morphogenesis, including the adenohypophysis, olfactory epithelium, and trigeminal ganglia, were represented in reconstructions of coronally-sectioned embryos. Results: Models and measurements showed advanced brain development but delayed primary palate and upper lip development in Kyoto embryos as compared to Carnegie embryos that may be related to the greater prevalence of Cleft Lip in the Japanese population. In both embryos, the maxillary prominences grew forward to contact and fuse with the medial nasal region that simultaneously narrowed and elongated. We also showed the forward movement of the face beneath the prosencephalon at the time of telencephalon outpocketing. Representation of potential signaling sites demonstrated the large volume occupied by ectodermal placodes in the developing embryo. Conclusions: 3D ribbon models illustrate the complex relationships between the brain and face during primary palate development. These can also be measured to quantitatively analyze relationships that may be important in normal formation of the primary palate and upper lip. Acknowledgements: Supported by CIHR Health Professional Student Research Award to DCB and MRC grant 4543 to VMD for collection of materials.
- Subjects
HUMAN embryos; MORPHOGENESIS; EMBRYOS; BRAIN; FACE
- Publication
UBC Medical Journal, 2011, Vol 2, Issue 2, p43
- ISSN
1920-7425
- Publication type
Abstract