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- Title
Supervised, Vigorous Intensity Exercise Intervention for Depressed Female Smokers: A Pilot Study.
- Authors
Patten, Christi A.; Bronars, Carrie A.; Douglas, Kristin S. Vickers; Ussher, Michael H.; Levine, James A.; Tye, Susannah J.; Hughes, Christine A.; Brockman, Tabetha A.; Decker, Paul A.; DeJesus, Ramona S.; Williams, Mark D.; Olson, Thomas P.; Clark, Matthew M.; Dieterich, Angela M.; Vickers Douglas, Kristin S
- Abstract
<bold>Introduction: </bold>Few studies have evaluated exercise interventions for smokers with depression or other psychiatric comorbidities. This pilot study evaluated the potential role of supervised vigorous exercise as a smoking cessation intervention for depressed females.<bold>Methods: </bold>Thirty adult women with moderate-severe depressive symptoms were enrolled and randomly assigned to 12 weeks of thrice weekly, in person sessions of vigorous intensity supervised exercise at a YMCA setting (EX; n = 15) or health education (HE; n = 15). All participants received behavioral smoking cessation counseling and nicotine patch therapy. Assessments were done in person at baseline, at the end of 12 weeks of treatment, and at 6 months post-target quit date. Primary end points were exercise adherence (proportion of 36 sessions attended) and biochemically confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence at Week 12. Biomarkers of inflammation were explored for differences between treatment groups and between women who smoked and those abstinent at Week 12.<bold>Results: </bold>Treatment adherence was high for both groups (72% for EX and 66% for HE; p = .55). The Week 12 smoking abstinence rate was higher for EX than HE (11/15 [73%] vs. 5/15 [33%]; p = .028), but no significant differences emerged at 6-month follow-up. Interleukin-6 levels increased more for those smoking than women abstinent at Week 12 (p = .040).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Vigorous intensity supervised exercise is feasible and enhances short-term smoking cessation among depressed female smokers. Innovative and cost-effective strategies to bolster long-term exercise adherence and smoking cessation need evaluation in this population. Inflammatory biomarkers could be examined in future research as mediators of treatment efficacy.<bold>Implications: </bold>This preliminary study found that vigorous intensity supervised exercise is feasible and enhances short-term smoking cessation among depressed female smokers. This research addressed an important gap in the field. Despite decades of research examining exercise interventions for smoking cessation, few studies were done among depressed smokers or those with comorbid psychiatric disorders. A novel finding was increases in levels of a pro-inflammatory biomarker observed among women who smoked at the end of the intervention compared to those who did not.
- Subjects
MENTAL depression; SMOKING cessation; SUBSTANCE use of women; EXERCISE physiology; PILOT projects; SMOKING prevention; SMOKING &; psychology; SUBSTANCE abuse &; psychology; COMBINED modality therapy; COMPARATIVE studies; COST effectiveness; COUNSELING; DUAL diagnosis; EXERCISE therapy; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; PATIENT compliance; RESEARCH; SUBSTANCE abuse treatment; EVALUATION research; TREATMENT effectiveness; EQUIPMENT &; supplies
- Publication
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2017, Vol 19, Issue 1, p77
- ISSN
1462-2203
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntw208