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- Title
German language adaptation of the Cogniphobia Scale for Headache Disorders (CS‐HD) and development of a new short form (CS‐HD‐6).
- Authors
Klan, Timo; Bräscher, Anne‐Kathrin; Seng, Elizabeth K.; Gaul, Charly; Witthöft, Michael
- Abstract
Objective: This study is part of the ODIN‐migraine (Optimization of Diagnostic Instruments in migraine) project. It is a secondary, a priori analysis of previously collected data, and aimed to assess the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Cogniphobia Scale for Headache Disorders (CS‐HD). We aimed to construct a German‐language version and a short version. Background: Cogniphobia is the fear and avoidance of cognitive exertion, which the patient believes triggers or exacerbates headache. High cogniphobia may worsen the course of a headache disorder. Methods: The 15‐item CS‐HD was translated into German and back translated in a masked form by a professional translator. Modifications were discussed and carried out in an expert panel. A cross‐sectional online survey including the CS‐HD and further self‐report questionnaires was conducted in a sample of N = 387 persons with migraine (364/387 [94.1%] female, M = 41.0 [SD = 13.0] years, migraine without aura: 152/387 [39.3%], migraine with aura: 85/387 [22.0%], and chronic migraine: 150/387 [38.8%]). Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in two clearly interpretable factors (interictal and ictal cogniphobia). Confirmatory factor analysis yielded an acceptable to good model fit (χ2(89) = 117.87, p = 0.022, χ2/df = 1.32, RMSEA = 0.029, SRMR = 0.055, CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.995). Item response theory‐based analysis resulted in the selection of six items for the short form (CS‐HD‐6). Reliability was acceptable to excellent (interictal cogniphobia subscale: ω = 0.92 [CS‐HD] or ω = 0.77 [CS‐HD‐6]; ictal cogniphobia subscale: ω = 0.77 [CS‐HD] or ω = 0.73 [CS‐HD‐6]). The pattern of correlations with established questionnaires confirmed convergent validity of both the CS‐HD and the CS‐HD‐6. Conclusion: Both the CS‐HD and the CS‐HD‐6 have good psychometric properties and are suitable for the assessment of cogniphobia in migraine. Plain Language Summary: Cogniphobia is the fear of cognitive exertion, in which the patient believes effortful thinking triggers or exacerbates headache. The Cogniphobia Scale for Headache Disorders (CS‐HD) provides an assessment of this headache specific‐fear. A German version and a six‐item short form of the CS‐HD were developed from an online sample of 387 persons with migraine, and our results showed that this version was suitable.
- Subjects
GERMANY; FEAR; PHOBIAS; CROSS-sectional method; SELF-evaluation; GOODNESS-of-fit tests; SECONDARY analysis; CHRONIC pain; RESEARCH methodology evaluation; HEADACHE; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESEARCH evaluation; MENTAL fatigue; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; EXPERIMENTAL design; RESEARCH methodology; PSYCHOMETRICS; FACTOR analysis; AVOIDANCE (Psychology); MIGRAINE; RELIABILITY (Personality trait)
- Publication
Headache: The Journal of Head & Face Pain, 2024, Vol 64, Issue 7, p772
- ISSN
0017-8748
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/head.14735