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- Title
PD-1 inhibitor plus oncolytic vaccinia virus is a safe and effective treatment option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
- Authors
Park, Jee Soo; Lee, Myung Eun; Kim, Jongchan; Oh, Keunhee; Lee, Namhee; Jung, Minsun; Jang, Won Sik; Ham, Won Sik
- Abstract
Background: Although a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is recommended as the first line treatment option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), several immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur, especially hepatitis. We explored the therapeutic benefits and safety profile of combining oncolytic vaccinia virus, JX-594, with a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor. Methods: We used early-stage and advanced-stage orthotopic murine mRCC models developed by our group. PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy or a PD-1 inhibitor combined with either JX-594 or a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor were systemically injected through the peritoneum. An immunofluorescence analysis was performed to analyze the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). irAEs were assessed in terms of hepatitis. Results: In the early-stage mRCC model mice, the combination of JX-594 and a PD-1 inhibitor significantly decreased the primary tumor size and number of lung nodules, compared with the ICI combination, but the JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination and ICI combination did not differ significantly in the advanced-stage mRCC model mice. The JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination induced tumor-suppressing TIME changes in both the early- and advanced-stage mRCC models. Furthermore, mice treated with the ICI combination had significantly greater hepatic injuries than those treated with the JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination which was evaluated in early-stage mRCC model. Conclusions: The JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination effectively reduced primary tumors and the metastatic burden, similar to ICI combination therapy, through dynamic remodeling of the TIME. Furthermore, hepatitis was significantly decreased in the JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination group, suggesting the potential benefit of that combination for reducing ICI-induced toxicity.
- Subjects
VACCINIA; RENAL cell carcinoma; PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors; DRUG side effects; IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors; METASTASIS; SORAFENIB
- Publication
Cancer Cell International, 2024, Vol 24, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1475-2867
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12935-024-03238-z