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- Title
3D Plotting of Calcium Phosphate Cement and Melt Electrowriting of Polycaprolactone Microfibers in One Scaffold: A Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Process.
- Authors
Kilian, David; von Witzleben, Max; Lanaro, Matthew; Wong, Cynthia S.; Vater, Corina; Lode, Anja; Allenby, Mark C.; Woodruff, Maria A.; Gelinsky, Michael
- Abstract
The fabrication of patient-specific scaffolds for bone substitutes is possible through extrusion-based 3D printing of calcium phosphate cements (CPC) which allows the generation of structures with a high degree of customization and interconnected porosity. Given the brittleness of this clinically approved material, the stability of open-porous scaffolds cannot always be secured. Herein, a multi-technological approach allowed the simultaneous combination of CPC printing with melt electrowriting (MEW) of polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers in an alternating, tunable design in one automated fabrication process. The hybrid CPC+PCL scaffolds with varying CPC strand distance (800–2000 µm) and integrated PCL fibers featured a strong CPC to PCL interface. While no adverse effect on mechanical stiffness was detected by the PCL-supported scaffold design; the microfiber integration led to an improved integrity. The pore distance between CPC strands was gradually increased to identify at which critical CPC porosity the microfibers would have a significant impact on pore bridging behavior and growth of seeded cells. At a CPC strand distance of 1600 µm, after 2 weeks of cultivation, the incorporation of PCL fibers led to pore coverage by a human mesenchymal stem cell line and an elevated proliferation level of murine pre-osteoblasts. The integrated fabrication approach allows versatile design adjustments on different levels.
- Subjects
MICROFIBERS; POLYCAPROLACTONE; MANUFACTURING processes; CALCIUM phosphate; HUMAN stem cells; MESENCHYMAL stem cells; BONE substitutes
- Publication
Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 2022, Vol 13, Issue 2, p75
- ISSN
2079-4983
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/jfb13020075