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- Title
Analysis of factors related to cognitive impairment in a community‐based, complete enumeration survey in Japan: the Nakayama study.
- Authors
Yoshida, Taku; Mori, Takaaki; Shimizu, Hideaki; Tachibana, Ayumi; Yoshino, Yuta; Ochi, Shinichiro; Yamazaki, Kiyohiro; Ozaki, Yuki; Kawabe, Kentaro; Horiuchi, Fumie; Komori, Kenjiro; Iga, Jun‐ichi; Ueno, Shu‐ichi
- Abstract
Background: The number of patients with cognitive disorders is rapidly increasing in the world, becoming not only a medical problem, but also a social problem. There have been many reports that various factors are associated with cognitive dysfunction, but the factors have not yet been fully identified. This was a community‐based complete enumeration study which aimed to identify risk and protective factors for dementia. Methods: The first phase included all residents aged 65 years or older in a town in Japan. They completed many examinations, such as living conditions questionnaires, physical examination, Mini‐Mental State Examination, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The participants with suspected cognitive impairment underwent additional examinations for detailed evaluation in the second phase. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk and protective factors for dementia after all participants were diagnosed. Results: There were 927 participants in the baseline evaluation; 611 (65.9%) were healthy, 165 (17.8%) had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 151 (16.3%) had dementia. The age‐standardised prevalence of dementia was 9.5%. Statistical analyses for amnestic MCI and Alzheimer's disease showed that risk factors for cognitive decline were diabetes mellitus, low activities of daily living, and living alone, and that protective factors were history of exercise and drinking habit. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that several lifestyle‐related diseases and factors are associated with cognitive decline. These results support similar findings from previous studies and will be helpful for preventing dementia in the future.
- Subjects
JAPAN; COGNITION disorders diagnosis; DIABETES complications; COGNITION disorder risk factors; DEMENTIA risk factors; DEMENTIA prevention; ALZHEIMER'S disease diagnosis; COGNITION disorders; PHYSICAL diagnosis; ACTIVITIES of daily living; MAGNETIC resonance imaging; RISK assessment; PHYSICAL activity; INDEPENDENT living; QUESTIONNAIRES; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; LONELINESS; HEALTH behavior; BEHAVIOR modification; PSYCHOSOCIAL factors; OLD age
- Publication
Psychogeriatrics, 2023, Vol 23, Issue 5, p876
- ISSN
1346-3500
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/psyg.13012