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- Title
Subversion of innate and adaptive immune responses by Toxoplasma Gondii.
- Authors
Christine Lang; Uwe Groß; Carsten Lüder
- Abstract
Abstract??The intracellular apicomplexan parasiteToxoplasma gondiiis able to survive and persist in immunocompetent intermediate hosts for the host?s life span. This is despite the induction of a vigorous humoral and?more importantly?cell-mediated immune response during infection. In order to establish and maintain such chronic infections, however,T. gondiihas evolved multiple strategies to avoid or to interfere with potentially efficient anti-parasitic immune responses of the host. Such immune evasion includes (1) indirect mechanisms by altering the expression and secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines or by altering the viability of immune cells and (2) direct mechanisms by establishing a lifestyle within a suitable intracellular niche and by interference with intracellular signaling cascades, thereby abolishing a number of antimicrobial effector mechanisms of the host. Despite the parasite?s ability to interfere successfully with the host?s efforts to eradicate the infection, the immune response is, however, not completely abrogated but is rather partially diminished after infection.T. gondiithus keeps a delicate balance between induction and suppression of the host?s immune response in order to guarantee the survival of the host as a safe harbor for parasite development and to allow its transmission to the definitive host.
- Subjects
IMMUNE response; TOXOPLASMA gondii; APICOMPLEXA; IMMUNOLOGY
- Publication
Parasitology Research, 2007, Vol 100, Issue 2, p191
- ISSN
0932-0113
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00436-006-0306-9