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- Title
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of the Androgen Receptor Inhibitor Darolutamide in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Hepatic or Renal Impairment.
- Authors
Zurth, Christian; Nykänen, Pirjo; Wilkinson, Gary; Taavitsainen, Päivi; Vuorela, Annamari; Huang, Funan; Reschke, Susanne; Koskinen, Mikko
- Abstract
Background: Darolutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor inhibitor approved for the treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer at a dosage of 600 mg orally twice daily. Objective: We aimed to fully characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of darolutamide, its diastereomers, and its main active metabolite, keto-darolutamide. Methods: Single-dose and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of 14C-labeled and non-labeled darolutamide were evaluated in healthy subjects and patients with hepatic or renal impairment. Results: Following darolutamide oral tablet administration, peak plasma concentrations were reached 4–6 h after dosing. Darolutamide elimination was characterized by a half-life of 13 h. Steady state was reached after approximately 2 days of twice-daily dosing. Pharmacokinetics of the diastereomers and keto-darolutamide followed similar trends to the parent compound. Darolutamide absorption from the tablet was lower than from the oral solution; tablet absolute bioavailability was ~30% in the fasted state but improved to 60–75% when given with food. The unbound fraction of darolutamide in plasma was 7.8%. The administered 1:1 ratio of the diastereomers (S,R)-darolutamide and (S,S)-darolutamide changed to ~1:6 in plasma following multiple dosing. Similar exposure and diastereomer ratios after single and multiple dosing indicate time-independent (no autoinduction) linear pharmacokinetics. Darolutamide exposure increased in patients with moderate hepatic or severe renal impairment vs healthy subjects; dose adaptation at treatment initiation should be considered in these patients. Conclusions: Darolutamide 600 mg twice daily demonstrates predictable linear pharmacokinetics and sustainably high plasma concentrations, suggesting the potential for constant inhibition of the androgen receptor signaling pathway. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02418650, NCT02894385, NCT02671097.
- Publication
Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2022, Vol 61, Issue 4, p565
- ISSN
0312-5963
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s40262-021-01078-y