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- Title
The role of TLR4 in pathophysiology of antiphospholipid syndrome-associated thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity.
- Authors
Xie, Hongxiang; Sheng, Liangju; Zhou, Hong; Yan, Jinchuan
- Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome ( APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the clinical features of recurrent thrombosis in the venous or arterial circulation and fetal losses. Antiphospholipid antibodies ( aPL), particularly against the phospholipid binding protein beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2 GPI), play an important role in APS pathological mechanisms. aPL can activate intracellular signal transduction in a β2 GPI-dependent manner to induce inflammatory responses, and promote hypercoagulable state and recurrent spontaneous abortion when β2 GPI is associated with the cell surface receptor. In vivo and in vitro studies show that Annexin A2 ( ANXA2) is the high affinity receptor that connects β2 GPI to the target cells. However, ANXA2 is not a transmembrane protein and lacks an intracellular signal transduction pathway. Growing evidences suggest that the transmembrane protein toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4) might act as an 'adaptor' for intracellular signal transduction. This review focuses on the role of TLR4 and its signalling pathway in APS pathological mechanisms which will help us better understand the pathological processes of this syndrome.
- Subjects
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID syndrome; TOLL-like receptors; PATHOLOGICAL physiology; THROMBOSIS; PREGNANCY complications; AUTOIMMUNE diseases
- Publication
British Journal of Haematology, 2014, Vol 164, Issue 2, p165
- ISSN
0007-1048
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/bjh.12587