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- Title
A Low-Power, 65 nm 24.6-to-30.1 GHz Trusted LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Achieving 191.7 dBc/Hz FoM at 1 MHz.
- Authors
Kurtoglu, Abdullah; Shirazi, Amir H. M.; Mirabbasi, Shahriar; Miri Lavasani, Hossein
- Abstract
This work presents a novel trusted LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with an embedded compact analog Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) used for authentication. The trusted VCO is implemented in a 1P9M 65 nm standard CMOS process and consumes 1.75 mW. It exhibits a measured phase noise (PN) of −104.8 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz and −132.2 dBc/Hz @ 10 MHz offset, resulting in Figures of Merit (FoMs) of 191.7 dBc/Hz and 199.1 dBc/Hz, respectively. With the measured frequency tuning range (TR) of ~5.5 GHz, the FoM with tuning (FoMT) reaches 197.6 dBc/Hz and 205.0 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offset, respectively. The analog PUF consists of CMOS cross-coupled pairs in the main VCO to change analog characteristics. Benefiting from the impedance change and parasitic capacitance of the cross-coupled pairs, the AC and DC responses of the VCO are utilized for multiple responses for each input. The PUF consumes 0.83 pJ/bit when operating at 1.5 Gbps. The proposed PUF exhibits a measured Inter-Hamming Distance (HD) of 0.5058b and 0.4978b, with Intra-HD reaching 0.0055b and 0.0053b for the current consumption and fosc, respectively. The autocorrelation function (ACF) of 0.0111 and 0.0110 is obtained for the current consumption and fosc, respectively, at a 95% confidence level.
- Subjects
VOLTAGE-controlled oscillators; COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors; PHASE noise; ELECTRIC capacity; HAMMING distance; SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices
- Publication
Journal of Low Power Electronics & Applications, 2024, Vol 14, Issue 1, p10
- ISSN
2079-9268
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/jlpea14010010