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- Title
Current State and Promising Opportunities on Pharmaceutical Approaches in the Treatment of Polymicrobial Diseases.
- Authors
Sartini, Sartini; Permana, Andi Dian; Mitra, Saikat; Tareq, Abu Montakim; Salim, Emil; Ahmad, Islamudin; Harapan, Harapan; Emran, Talha Bin; Nainu, Firzan
- Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of newly identified acute and chronic infectious disorders caused by diverse combinations of pathogens, termed polymicrobial diseases, has had catastrophic consequences for humans. Antimicrobial agents have been clinically proven to be effective in the pharmacological treatment of polymicrobial diseases. Unfortunately, an increasing trend in the emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens and limited options for delivery of antimicrobial drugs might seriously impact humans' efforts to combat polymicrobial diseases in the coming decades. New antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism(s) of action and new pharmaceutical formulations or delivery systems to target infected sites are urgently required. In this review, we discuss the prospective use of novel antimicrobial compounds isolated from natural products to treat polymicrobial infections, mainly via mechanisms related to inhibition of biofilm formation. Drug-delivery systems developed to deliver antimicrobial compounds to both intracellular and extracellular pathogens are discussed. We further discuss the effectiveness of several biofilm-targeted delivery strategies to eliminate polymicrobial biofilms. At the end, we review the applications and promising opportunities for various drug-delivery systems, when compared to conventional antimicrobial therapy, as a pharmacological means to treat polymicrobial diseases.
- Subjects
THERAPEUTICS; DRUG therapy; DRUG delivery devices; INTRACELLULAR pathogens; NATURAL products; DRUG delivery systems; IMIPENEM
- Publication
Pathogens, 2021, Vol 10, Issue 2, p245
- ISSN
2076-0817
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/pathogens10020245