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- Title
Using Template Matching to Detect Hidden Fluid Release Episodes Beneath Crater Lakes in Ruapehu, Copahue, and Kawah Ijen Volcanoes.
- Authors
Ardid, A.; Dempsey, D.; Caudron, C.; Cronin, S. J.; Miller, C. A.; Melchor, I.; Syahbana, D.; Kennedy, B.
- Abstract
Volcano crater lakes, while picturesque, can sometimes mask the occurrence of small eruptions or hydrothermal fluid release events. However, these seemingly hidden events hold a wealth of valuable information about the underlying volcanic conduit and may pose risks to those near the volcano's summit. This study presents a novel method for identifying these hard‐to‐detect fluid release events by examining seismic data from Ruapehu volcano in New Zealand. We undertake a multi‐timescale template‐matching analysis that uses a newly discovered seismic eruption precursor, to identify patterns related to the rapid consolidation of hydrothermal seals, pressurization processes, and the subsequent release of hydrothermal fluids. As a result, we identified a potential instance of sudden fluid‐release events that were previously unnoticed due to the presence of the crater lake. Our findings support a conceptual model of cyclic pressure variation within the conduit beneath an active crater lake. This model involves the formation and disruption of seals, followed by depressurization through hydrothermal fluid release events. Fluid discharge recession recorded as seismic amplitude decay, provides information about the properties of the reservoir, conduit, and the fluid being discharged. We also applied this technique to Kawah‐Ijen (Indonesia) and Copahue (Chile‐Argentina), identifying multiple potential events at these volcanoes. These findings enhance our understanding of the conditions leading to explosive eruptions, including those that could breach the crater lake. Plain Language Summary: We analyzed seismic data from Ruapehu volcano (New Zealand) to improve volcanic event catalogs by locating signatures of rapid hydrothermal seal formation and failure. Events are detected temporally within the seismic record using an empirical model of sealing/pressurization/eruption proposed for Whakaari volcano in New Zealand. The approach allows us to identify fluid release events that might have been obscured by Ruapehu's crater lake or have been too small to be noticed by standard monitoring techniques. Our analysis has revealed several fluid release episodes, including reported eruptions, where a peak in displacement seismic amplitude ratio is followed by a sharp increase in real‐time seismic amplitude measurement and an exponential decay in the hours and days following the events. We model this decay using a linear dependence on the degassing rate, and exponential relaxation from a discharging linear reservoir. These findings can help us conceptualize the conditions leading to explosive, potentially lake breaching eruptions. Key Points: Volcano crater lakes can obscure volcanic fluid release eventsThrough volcano seismic data in a template‐matching approach, we identified short‐term sealing, pressurization, and fluid‐release pulsesWe identified several fluid‐released events at Ruapehu (New Zealand), Copahue (Chile/Argentina), and Kawah Ijen (Indonesia) volcanoes
- Subjects
NEW Zealand; CRATER lakes; VOLCANOES; VOLCANIC craters; VOLCANIC eruptions; FLUIDS; CONCEPTUAL models
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, 2023, Vol 128, Issue 10, p1
- ISSN
2169-9313
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2023JB026729