We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Numerical model study on ice impact on Lake Superior outflow limit.
- Authors
Knack, Ian; Hung Tao Shen; Fengbin Huang
- Abstract
Improved regulation of the wintertime flow from Lake Superior is needed to improve the balance of water levels of Lake Superior and Lake Michigan-Huron to decrease the frequency of extreme levels without unduly affecting Lake Superior interest. The wintertime outflow limit is set as 2410 m³/s by Lake Superior Regulation Plan 1977-A as a result of ice jam flooding during the 1916-1917 winter. This paper presents a numerical model study on the ice conditions in the St. Marys River to assess the maximum allowable Lake Superior wintertime outflow. Freeze-up, frazil transport and accumulation, and breakup were simulated with a thermal-ice dynamic model. The highest potential for flooding exists during ice breakup and simulations were run to determine a safe discharge limit for the breakup period. Simulations indicated the winter flow limit may be increased to 2690 m³/s if flow regulation is managed with care to prevent premature ice cover breakup.
- Subjects
LAKE Huron (Mich. &; Ont.); LAKE Michigan; LAKE Superior; ICE on rivers, lakes, etc.; ICE jams (Geology); FRAZIL ice; HYDRAULICS; SIMULATION methods &; models
- Publication
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015, Vol 42, Issue 9, p656
- ISSN
0315-1468
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1139/cjce-2014-0276