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- Title
Benefits of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control: a randomized controlled trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Authors
Otten, Julia; Stomby, Andreas; Waling, Maria; Isaksson, Andreas; Tellström, Anna; Lundin‐Olsson, Lillemor; Brage, Søren; Ryberg, Mats; Svensson, Michael; Olsson, Tommy; Tellström, Anna; Lundin-Olsson, Lillemor; Brage, Søren
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Means to reduce future risk for cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes are urgently needed.<bold>Methods: </bold>Thirty-two patients with type 2 diabetes (age 59 ± 8 years) followed a Paleolithic diet for 12 weeks. Participants were randomized to either standard care exercise recommendations (PD) or 1-h supervised exercise sessions (aerobic exercise and resistance training) three times per week (PD-EX).<bold>Results: </bold>For the within group analyses, fat mass decreased by 5.7 kg (IQR: -6.6, -4.1; p < 0.001) in the PD group and by 6.7 kg (-8.2, -5.3; p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) improved by 45% in the PD (p < 0.001) and PD-EX (p < 0.001) groups. HbA1c decreased by 0.9% (-1.2, -0.6; p < 0.001) in the PD group and 1.1% (-1.7, -0.7; p < 0.01) in the PD-EX group. Leptin decreased by 62% (p < 0.001) in the PD group and 42% (p < 0.001) in the PD-EX group. Maximum oxygen uptake increased by 0.2 L/min (0.0, 0.3) in the PD-EX group, and remained unchanged in the PD group (p < 0.01 for the difference between intervention groups). Male participants decreased lean mass by 2.6 kg (-3.6, -1.3) in the PD group and by 1.2 kg (-1.3, 1.0) in the PD-EX group (p < 0.05 for the difference between intervention groups).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>A Paleolithic diet improves fat mass and metabolic balance including insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and leptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Supervised exercise training may not enhance the effects on these outcomes, but preserves lean mass in men and increases cardiovascular fitness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Subjects
BLOOD sugar analysis; TYPE 2 diabetes treatment; ADIPOSE tissues; COMBINED modality therapy; COMPARATIVE studies; EXERCISE therapy; GLYCEMIC index; GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin; INSULIN resistance; LONGITUDINAL method; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; OBESITY; PROGNOSIS; RESEARCH; STATISTICAL sampling; EVALUATION research; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; OXYGEN consumption; PALEO diet
- Publication
Diabetes/Metabolism Research & Reviews, 2017, Vol 33, Issue 1, pn/a
- ISSN
1520-7552
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/dmrr.2828