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- Title
Snacking characteristics and patterns and their associations with diet quality and BMI in the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research Consortium.
- Authors
LeCroy, Madison N; Truesdale, Kimberly P; Matheson, Donna M; Karp, Sharon M; Moore, Shirley M; Robinson, Thomas N; Berge, Jerica M; Nicastro, Holly L; Thomas, Alicia J
- Abstract
<bold>Objective: </bold>To describe snacking characteristics and patterns in children and examine associations with diet quality and BMI.<bold>Design: </bold>Children's weight and height were measured. Participants/adult proxies completed multiple 24 h dietary recalls. Snack occasions were self-identified. Snack patterns were derived for each sample using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of snacking characteristics and patterns with Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) score and BMI were examined using multivariable linear regression models.<bold>Setting: </bold>Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment Research (COPTR) Consortium, USA: NET-Works, GROW, GOALS and IMPACT studies.<bold>Participants: </bold>Predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minorities: NET-Works (n 534, 2-4-year-olds); GROW (n 610, 3-5-year-olds); GOALS (n 241, 7-11-year-olds); IMPACT (n 360, 10-13-year-olds).<bold>Results: </bold>Two snack patterns were derived for three studies: a meal-like pattern and a beverage pattern. The IMPACT study had a similar meal-like pattern and a dairy/grains pattern. A positive association was observed between meal-like pattern adherence and HEI-2010 score (P for trend < 0⋅01) and snack occasion frequency and HEI-2010 score (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, 0⋅14 (0⋅04, 0⋅23); GROW, 0⋅12 (0⋅02, 0⋅21)) among younger children. A preference for snacking while using a screen was inversely associated with HEI-2010 score in all studies except IMPACT (β coefficient (95 % CI): NET-Works, -3⋅15 (-5⋅37, -0⋅92); GROW, -2⋅44 (-4⋅27, -0⋅61); GOALS, -5⋅80 (-8⋅74, -2⋅86)). Associations with BMI were almost all null.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Meal-like and beverage patterns described most children's snack intake, although patterns for non-Hispanic Blacks or adolescents may differ. Diets of 2-5-year-olds may benefit from frequent meal-like pattern snack consumption and diets of all children may benefit from decreasing screen use during eating occasions.
- Subjects
UNITED States; CHILDHOOD obesity; SNACK foods; EXPLORATORY factor analysis; DIET; CONSORTIA; REGRESSION analysis
- Publication
Public Health Nutrition, 2019, Vol 22, Issue 17, p3189
- ISSN
1368-9800
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1017/S1368980019000958