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- Title
Hematological and hematopoietic changes induced by formaldehyde and malachite green in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.).
- Authors
Witeska, Malgorzata; Kondera, Elzbieta; Belniak, Natalia
- Abstract
Hematological and hematopoietic side effects of two therapeutics, formaldehyde (F) and malachite green (MG), were studied in the common carpCyprinus carpio. The fish were exposed to each therapeutic four times (every 2 days) for 1 h at the concentrations of 63 mg/dm3(F) and 3 mg/dm3(MG). Blood was sampled immediately after the end of treatment and one week later, and the head kidney was isolated at the end of the experiment. The results showed the transient macrocytic anemia in fish exposed to both therapeutics (decrease in RBC and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, increase in mean cell volume [MCV]) followed by the recovery (RBC and MCV returned to the initial values) and increase in hemoglobin. Fish exposed to F showed an increase in erythroblast frequency, while in fish exposed to MG the percentage of abnormal erythrocytes increased. Both groups of fish showed a higher ratio of immature to mature erythroid cells in head kidney hematopoietic tissue, which indicates accelerated migration of erythrocytes to peripheral blood. None of the therapeutics caused changes in the differential leukocyte count or oxidative phagocyte activity. MG, but not F, caused persistent leukopenia. Both induced an increase in the frequency of mature neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils in hematopoietic tissue. Both of the therapeutics induced an increase in hematopoietic cell proliferation and apoptosis rates, but F strongly activated proliferation, while MG much more increased apoptotic activity which resulted in a significant decrease of hematopoietic activity in MG-exposed fish and a minor reduction in the F-treated group. Both therapeutics used at the recommended concentrations effective against parasites showed hematotoxic effects, but MG turned out to be much more dangerous due to persistent immunosuppressive effect and a strong reduction of hematopoietic activity.
- Publication
Zoology & Ecology, 2013, Vol 23, Issue 3, p245
- ISSN
2165-8013
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1080/21658005.2013.821790