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- Title
Trajectories of Change in Acute Dynamic Risk Ratings and Associated Risk for Recidivism in Paroled New Zealanders: A Joint Latent Class Modelling Approach.
- Authors
Stone, Ariel G.; Lloyd, Caleb D.; Spivak, Benjamin L.; Papalia, Nina L.; Serin, Ralph C.
- Abstract
Objectives: Prior studies indicate risk for recidivism declines with time spent in the community post-incarceration. The current study tested whether declines in risk scores occurred uniformly for all individuals in a community corrections sample or whether distinct groups could be identified on the basis of similar trajectories of change in acute risk and time to recidivism. We additionally tested whether accounting for group heterogeneity improved prospective prediction of recidivism. Methods: This study used longitudinal, multiple-reassessment data gathered from 3,421 individuals supervised on parole in New Zealand (N = 92,104 assessments of theoretically dynamic risk factors conducted by community corrections supervision officers). We applied joint latent class modelling (JLCM) to model group trajectories of change in acute risk following re-entry while accounting for data missing due to recidivism (i.e., missing not at random). We compared accuracy of dynamic predictions based on the selected joint latent class model to an equivalent joint model with no latent class structure. Results: We identified four trajectory groups of acute dynamic risk. Groups were consistently estimated across a split sample. Trajectories differed in direction and degree of change but using the latent class structure did not improve discrimination when predicting recidivism. Conclusions: There may be significant heterogeneity in how individuals' assessed level of acute risk changes following re-entry, but determining risk for recidivism should not be based on probable group membership. JLCM revealed heterogeneity in early re-entry unlikely to be observed using traditional analytic approaches.
- Subjects
NEW Zealand; RECIDIVISM; NEW Zealanders; DISEASE risk factors; CORRECTIONAL personnel; CONSOLIDATED financial statements; MISSING data (Statistics)
- Publication
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2024, Vol 40, Issue 2, p215
- ISSN
0748-4518
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10940-022-09566-5