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- Title
Pilot-Scale Demonstration of In Situ Chemical Reduction Technology at a Formerly Used Defense Site.
- Authors
Luo, Chunhui; O'Niell, Walter; Nzengung, Valentine
- Abstract
This paper describes results of the first field demonstration conducted to evaluate an innovative in situ chemical reduction technology to rapidly degrade 81 m of high concentrations of explosives contaminated soils at Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant, Ravenna, Ohio, USA. The primary explosives of concern and associated baseline levels of contamination were 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (383 mg/kg), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) (180 mg/kg), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) (15 mg/kg). The in situ chemical treatment process involved selected reductant of sodium hydrosulfite (NaSO) at optimal pH (9-10) with appropriate buffers (e.g., sodium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate) that, when mixed with water, generate free radicals that react very rapidly to degrade nitroaromatics to carbon dioxide (CO), formate (HCOO-), and gaseous nitrogen compounds (NOx). Significant reductions in TNT, RDX, and HMX (>95 %) were observed within 24 h and achieved response complete in under 2 weeks after in situ application of the buffered sodium hydrosulfite.
- Subjects
CHEMICAL reduction; EXPLOSIVES; SOIL pollution; NITROAROMATIC compounds; MILITARY weapons; SOIL remediation; SODIUM sulfites
- Publication
Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2012, Vol 223, Issue 9, p5807
- ISSN
0049-6979
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11270-012-1318-y