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- Title
Formation mechanisms of nano-aluminum oxide-dissolved black carbon and their adsorption for norfloxacin and phenanthrene.
- Authors
Peng, Hongbo; Lin, Junjian; Yang, Dong; Gao, Peng; Wang, Siyao; Yang, Jie; Xu, Zhimin; Li, Fangfang
- Abstract
Purpose: Dissolved black carbon (DBC), the soluble fraction of biochar, could interact with inorganic minerals to form organo-mineral complex due to its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, which will affect the adsorption of organic contaminants. In this study, we want to get the formation mechanisms of DBC-nano-aluminum oxide (n-Al2O3) complexes and their sorption mechanism difference for two specific contaminants, norfloxacin (NOR) and phenanthrene (PHE). Materials and methods: The DBC-nano-aluminum oxide complexes (DBC-n-Al2O3) were synthesized via adsorption and labeled as OM2-1 to OM2-4, OM3-1 to OM3-4, and OM4-1 to OM4-4, respectively, according to the pyrolysis temperature and the increasing organic carbon content. The adsorption behavior of both n-Al2O3 and DBC-n-Al2O3 towards NOR and PHE was investigated. To examine the adsorption characteristics of organic pollutants by n-Al2O3 and DBC-n-Al2O3, the Freundlich model (FM) and the Polanyi–Mane model (PMM) are widely utilized. The DBC-n-Al2O3 samples prepared with different treatments were comprehensively characterized using elemental analysis, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results and discussion: PHE adsorption by the complexes exceeds that of n-Al2O3 due to hydrophobic and π–π interactions between the PHE and the complexes. Conversely, NOR, which has functional groups (-COOH, -C = O, and -F) that can form hydrogen bonds with n-Al2O3, exhibits higher sorption on n-Al2O3 than the complexes. When organic C content is between 0.44 and 0.49, NOR's adsorption by the complexes surpasses that of PHE, but this trend reverses when it is between 0.63 and 0.64. After screening for hydrophobic interactions via solubility, all the complexes show higher NOR adsorption than PHE, which could be attributed to hydrogen bonding and electron–donor–acceptor interactions (n–π and π–π) between NOR and the complexes. Conclusions: We concluded that the hydrophobic and aromatic components of DBC selectively adsorb onto n-Al2O3 through hydrogen bonding as the primary mechanism for complex formation. Hydrophobic interaction and π–π interaction controlled the sorption of hydrophobic contaminants, while hydrogen bonding and electron–donor–acceptor interactions (n–π and π–π) were important for the sorption of hydrophilic contaminants by DBC-n-Al2O3 complexes. This study provides key theoretical data support for the NOR and PHE remediation in the real environment, and it also provides important information for the soil remediation by biochars in practical applications.
- Subjects
PHENANTHRENE; CARBON-black; FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; ADSORPTION (Chemistry); GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); NORFLOXACIN
- Publication
Journal of Soils & Sediments: Protection, Risk Assessment, & Remediation, 2023, Vol 23, Issue 9, p3425
- ISSN
1439-0108
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11368-023-03540-9