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- Title
Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in pregnancy in a multiethnic population-based cohort.
- Authors
Eggemoen, Åse R.; Falk, Ragnhild S.; Knutsen, Kirsten V.; Lagerløv, Per; Sletner, Line; Birkeland, Kåre I.; Jenum, Anne K.
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>To investigate ethnic differences in vitamin D levels during pregnancy, assess risk factors for vitamin D deficiency and explore the effect of vitamin D supplementation in women with deficiency in early pregnancy.<bold>Methods: </bold>This is a population-based, multiethnic cohort study of pregnant women attending Child Health Clinics for antenatal care in Oslo, Norway. Serum-25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in 748 pregnant women (59% ethnic minorities) at gestational weeks (GW) 15 (SD:3.6) and 28 (1.4). Women with 25(OH)D <37 nmol/L at GW 15 were for ethical reasons recommended vitamin D3 supplementation. Main outcome measure was 25(OH)D, and linear regression models were performed.<bold>Results: </bold>Severe deficiency (25(OH)D <25 nmol/L) was found at GW 15 in 45% of women from South Asia, 40% from the Middle East and 26% from Sub-Saharan Africa, compared to 2.5% in women from East Asia and 1.3% of women from Western Europe. Women from South Asia, the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa had mean values that were -28 (95 % CI:-33, -23), -24 (-29, -18) and -20 (-27, -13) nmol/L lower than in Western women, respectively. Ethnicity, education, season and intake of vitamin D were independently associated with 25(OH)D. At GW 28, the mean 25(OH)D had increased from 23 (SD:7.8) to 47 (27) nmol/L (p < 0.01) in women who were recommended vitamin D supplementation, with small or no change in women with sufficient vitamin D levels at baseline.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among South Asian, Middle Eastern and African women. The serum levels of 25(OH)D increased significantly from GW 15 to 28 in vitamin D deficient women who received a recommendation for supplementation. This recommendation of vitamin D supplementation increased vitamin D levels in deficient women.
- Subjects
MIDDLE East; NORWAY; VITAMIN D deficiency; DIETARY supplements; VITAMIN D in the body; VITAMIN D in human nutrition; NUTRITION in pregnancy; PREGNANCY complications; THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin D; VITAMIN therapy; STATISTICS on Black people; ASIANS; BLACK people; ETHNIC groups; LONGITUDINAL method; SECOND trimester of pregnancy; VITAMIN D; VITAMINS; CHOLECALCIFEROL; THERAPEUTICS
- Publication
BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth, 2016, Vol 16, p1
- ISSN
1471-2393
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/s12884-016-0796-0