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- Title
Susceptibilities of some aquatic ferns to paddy herbicide bensulfuron methyl.
- Authors
Aida, Miki; Itoh, Kazuyuki; Ikeda, Hiroaki; Harada, Naokuni; Ishii, Yasuo; Usui, Kenji
- Abstract
Paddy herbicides have the potential to cause adverse effects on non-target plants. Susceptibilities of some aquatic ferns ( Azolla japonica Franch. et Savat., Isoetes japonica A. Braun, Marsilea quadrifolia L. and Salvinia natans All.) and duckweeds ( Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza Schleid.) to paddy herbicide bensulfuron methyl (BSM) were evaluated with a 20 day exposure experiment using 200 cm2 pots. The BSM concentrations in the surface water of monitoring pots with no plants dissipated exponentially with half lives of 3.5 and 3.9 days at application rates of 15 and 150 g ha−1, respectively. The BSM concentrations in the surface water 1 day after application in the culture pots were comparable among plant species, and were lower than those in the monitoring pots. Bensulfuron methyl reduced the plant growth in all species. I. japonica showed the lowest intrinsic relative growth rate (RGR) and the lowest susceptibility with an effective dose resulting in 50% growth inhibition (ED50) of 21 g ha−1. Except for I. japonica, the RGR of the duckweeds was similar to the ferns, and ED50 for the duckweeds was higher than the ferns. ED50 for Sa. natans, A. japonica and M. quadrifolia were 1.1, 1.8 and 1.2 g ha−1, respectively, which were smaller than 1/20 of the recommended field dose (51–75 g ha−1) and ranged from 1/2 to 1/6 of ED50 for L. minor and Sp. polyrhiza (6.5 and 3.2 g ha−1, respectively). These results suggest that BSM application in paddy fields and its runoff in some localities is expected to have adverse effects on the growth of Sa. natans, A. japonica and M. quadrifolia.
- Subjects
WATER ferns; AQUATIC plants; HERBICIDES; DUCKWEEDS; FERNS; SPATHIFLORAE
- Publication
Weed Biology & Management, 2004, Vol 4, Issue 3, p127
- ISSN
1444-6162
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1445-6664.2004.00129.x