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- Title
Ginkgolide A Ameliorates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses In Vitro and In Vivo.
- Authors
Yan Li; Yannan Wu; Xinlei Yao; Fang Hao; Chunlei Yu; Yongli Bao; Yin Wu; Zhenbo Song; Ying Sun; Lihua Zheng; Guannan Wang; Yanxin Huang; Luguo Sun; Yuxin Li
- Abstract
Ginkgolide A (GA) is a natural compound isolated from Ginkgo biloba and has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and diabetic vascular complications. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the anti-inflammatory effects of GA. In particular, no related reports have been published in a common inflammation model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of GA have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we extensively investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of GA in vitro and in vivo. We showed that GA could suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β ) in LPS-treated mouse peritoneal macrophages, mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, and differentiated human monocytes (dTHP-1) in vitro. These effects were partially carried out via downregulating Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway also seems to be important. Consistently, GA was also shown to inhibit the LPS-stimulated release of TNF-α and IL-6 in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that GA can serve as an effective inflammatory inhibitor in vitro and in vivo.
- Subjects
PROTEIN kinase genetics; PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of lipopolysaccharides; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 inhibitors; GINKGO -- Health aspects; JAK-STAT pathway
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017, Vol 18, Issue 4, p794
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms18040794