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- Title
ХРАНEНЕ ПРИ ДЕЦА ОТ 1 ДО 19-ГОДИШНА ВЪЗРАСТ В БЪЛГАРИЯ
- Authors
Рангелова, Лалка; Дулева, Веселка; Чикова-Ишченер, Екатерина; Димитров, Пламен
- Abstract
Introduction: Childhood is a unique period of human development in which the requirements for energy and nutrients per kilogram of weight are much greater than those of adults. The manifestation of the biological potential depends on a number of factors, among which nutrition is of leading importance. Aim: To assess the intake of energy and nutrients - macronutrients and micronutrients among children from 1 to 19 years of age in Bulgaria, as part of an extensive study on nutrition and other risk factors for children's health. Material and Methods: Within the framework of the National Program for the Prevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases 2014-2020, in 2020 year a crosssectional and retrospective study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 984 children from 1 to 19 years of age. Data for children up to 10 years of age were obtained through an active interview of the mother. The children in the study were included using the method of random selection from the lists of the people living on the territory of Bulgaria, performed by the NSI (National Statistical Institute). All the children had their nutrition studied through a 24-hour recall by memory of the dietary intake from the previous day (24-h recall). Children's nutritional intake was assessed for two non-consecutive days - 1 working day and 1 day off of the week. Results: The nutrition of the studied children is characterized by energy intake above the reference values for children aged 1-2 years, adequate intake for children aged 3-6 and 7-9 years and lower than the reference energy intake for children aged 10-13 and 14-18 years. The average values of protein intake, expressed as a proportion of the energy of the food consumed for the day, are slightly above the upper limit of the recommended dietary intake for protein of 15 E% among children aged 1-2 years, and among all other groups of children they are below the upper limit of the recommended dietary intake for protein of 20 E%. The average daily intake of carbohydrates, expressed as a proportion of the energy of the total average daily energy intake, among children aged 1-2 years is within the recommended range in 87.9% of the cases, among children aged 3-6 years in 88.2% of the cases, and among children aged 7-18 years only 64.0% of the cases are within the recommended interval. The average daily fat intake, expressed as a percentage of the total energy intake, among children aged 1-2 years (31.2 E%) is below the lower limit of the recommended dietary intake, and among children aged 3-6 years (31.7 E%) is within the recommended dietary intake. For children from the other age groups, it is above the upper limit of the recommended dietary intake. Among the studied children from 1 to 19 years of age, there is a risk of vitamin C and folate deficiency and of minerals - calcium, magnesium and iron. A high relative proportion of children from all age groups are with an average daily intake of sodium above the upper limit for safe dietary intake. The consumption of bread and pasta is high consumption of whole grain bread (8.9-16.1 g/day) and grain products (9.1-11.8 g/day) is low among children above 3 years of age; the consumption of milk, fish and eggs is insufficient. Conclusion: The provision of nationally representative data on the nutritional intake of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients among children from 1 to 19 years of age serves as reliable scientific information - a necessary prerequisite for the development of the national food policy with adequate intervention strategies.
- Subjects
BULGARIA; VITAMIN C deficiency; CHILD nutrition; DIETARY proteins; FOOD consumption; CHILDREN'S health; JUNK food
- Publication
Bulgarian Journal of Public Health, 2023, Vol 15, p3
- ISSN
1313-6461
- Publication type
Article