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- Title
Tick-borne Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Theileria, and enzootic nasal tumor virus in ruminant, PET, and poultry animals in Pakistan.
- Authors
Jamil, Anjum; Ze Yu; Yuxin Wang; Qing Xin; Shan Gao; Wahab, Muhammad Abdul; Xiaohu Han; Zeliang Chen
- Abstract
Introduction: Pakistan is an agricultural country; most of its income is based on livestock rearing. The increasing prevalence of tick-borne pathogens among animals may aect the animal production and livelihood of owners, which eventually derange the economy of a country. Methodology: To further comprehend TBPs, 213 ticks were collected from dierent animals, including ruminants, pets, and poultry. After molecular and phylogenetic analysis identification, ticks were managed into dierent pools based on their species level (Hyalomma anatolicum = 80, Rhipicephalus microplus = 35, Hyalomma scupense = 23, Rhipicephalus turanicus = 70, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus = 5). Results and discussion: After tick species identification, further molecular PCR amplification was carried out to screen out the pathogens for the presence of Theileria, Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV). The following pathogens were detected: 11 (5.16%) for Anaplasma, 1 (0.47%) for Rickettsia, and 9 (4.23%) for Theileria. Nevertheless, other TBPs that had not been reported so far in Pakistan 3 (1.41%), were positive for enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV). Besides, phylogenetic analysis of the enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) strain confirmed its resemblance to the Chinese strain, while Anaplasma has comparability with Pakistan and China, Rickettsia with Pakistan, China, and Iran, and Theileria with India, South Africa, United States, Japan, and Spain. Conclusion: This study reveals that there is a considerably wider range of TBPs held in Pakistan that take in various contagious zoonotic pathogens than was previously thought. This information advances TBP epidemiology and will contribute to upgrade future control measu
- Subjects
PAKISTAN; RICKETTSIA; NASAL tumors; ONCOGENIC viruses; ANAPLASMA; THEILERIA; TICKS; BROWN dog tick
- Publication
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2024, p1
- ISSN
1664-302X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359492