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- Title
Associations Between Maternal Pregravid Obesity and Gestational Diabetes and the Timing of Pubarche in Daughters.
- Authors
Kubo, Ai; Ferrara, Assiamira; Laurent, Cecile A.; Windham, Gayle C.; Greenspan, Louise C.; Deardorff, Julianna; Hiatt, Robert A.; Quesenberry, Charles P.; Kushi, Lawrence H.
- Abstract
We investigated whether in utero exposure to maternal pregravid obesity and/or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with early puberty in girls. We used data from a longitudinal study of 421 mother-daughter pairs enrolled in an integrated health services organization, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (2005-2012). Girls aged 6-8 years were followed annually through ages 12-14 years. Onset of puberty was assessed using study clinic-based Tanner staging. We examined associations of self-reported pregravid obesity and maternal GDM with timing of the daughter's transition to pubertal maturation stage 2 or above for development of breasts and pubic hair, using accelerated failure time regression models with interval censoring to estimate time ratios and hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Maternal obesity (pregravid body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/ height (m)²) ≥30) was associated with a daughter's earlier transition to breast and pubic hair stage 2+ in comparison with girls whose mothers had pregravid BMI <25. These associations were attenuated and not statistically significant after adjustment for covariates. Girls whose mothers had both pregravid BMI ≥25 and GDM were at higher risk of an earlier transition to pubic hair stage 2+ than those whose mothers had neither condition (adjusted time ratio = 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.83, 0.96; hazard ratio = 2.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.52, 5.83). These findings suggest that exposure to maternal obesity and hyperglycemia places girls at higher risk of earlier pubarche.
- Subjects
CALIFORNIA; PRECOCIOUS puberty; AGE factors in disease; ANALYSIS of variance; BIRTH weight; BODY composition; CHI-squared test; CONFIDENCE intervals; DAUGHTERS; GESTATIONAL diabetes; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research; ETHNIC groups; HEALTH maintenance organizations; INTERVIEWING; LONGITUDINAL method; MOTHERS; OBESITY; PROBABILITY theory; PUBERTY; REGRESSION analysis; RESEARCH funding; SELF-evaluation; SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry); SOCIOECONOMIC factors; BODY mass index; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; PRENATAL exposure delayed effects; CHILDREN; PREGNANCY
- Publication
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2016, Vol 184, Issue 1, p7
- ISSN
0002-9262
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/aje/kww006