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- Title
Effect of NaClO and ClO<sub>2</sub> on the bacterial properties in a reclaimed water distribution system: efficiency and mechanisms.
- Authors
Jia, Shichao; Tian, Yimei; Song, Yarong; Zhang, Haiya; Kang, Mengxin; Guo, Hao; Chen, Haolin
- Abstract
Extensive application of reclaimed water alleviated water scarcity obviously. Bacterial proliferation in reclaimed water distribution systems (RWDSs) poses a threat to water safety. Disinfection is the most common method to control microbial growth. The present study investigated the efficiency and mechanisms of two widely used disinfectants: sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on the bacterial community and cell integrity in effluents of RWDSs through high-throughput sequencing (Hiseq) and flow cytometry, respectively. Results showed that a low disinfectant dose (1 mg/L) did not change the bacterial community basically, while an intermediate disinfectant dose (2 mg/L) reduced the biodiversity significantly. However, some tolerant species survived and multiplied in high disinfectant environments (4 mg/L). Additionally, the effect of disinfection on bacterial properties varied between effluents and biofilm, with changes in the abundance, bacterial community, and biodiversity. Results of flow cytometry showed that NaClO disturbed live bacterial cells rapidly, while ClO2 caused greater damage, stripping the bacterial membrane and exposing the cytoplasm. This research will provide valuable information for assessing the disinfection efficiency, biological stability control, and microbial risk management of reclaimed water supply systems.
- Subjects
WATER distribution; DISINFECTION &; disinfectants; WATER supply management; WATER shortages; MICROBIAL growth; BACTERIAL communities
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2023, Vol 30, Issue 28, p72675
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-023-27456-6